1. Shape and dimensions of the Earth:
  2. - Land relief.
  3. - Geographical coordinates of a point: longitude, latitude, planes, meridians and parallels.
  4. - Concept of map.
  5. - Distance between two points on the Earth.
  6. Projections:
  7. - Cartographic.
  8. - Cylindrical.
  9. - U.T.M.
  10. - Polar.
  11. Maps:
  12. - Concept of map and types.
  13. - Scales: graphical and numerical, calculation of distances from the scale.
  14. - Information collected on maps: conventional symbols and marginal information.
  15. - Administrative boundaries and statistical data.
  16. - Toponymy.
  17. Topographical maps:
  18. - Contour lines: interpretation of the relief and its graphic representation.
  19. - Equidistance between contour lines.
  20. - Differences in level or slope: elevation of a point and calculation of the elevation of a point by interpolation, graphic calculation of slopes.
  21. - Calculation of distances on topographic maps.
  22. - Topographical maps in orienteering sports.
  23. Cartography in orienteering sports:
  24. - Types of activities, competitions and events in sport and recreational orienteering.
  25. - Maps in orienteering sports: scales and specific symbology.
  26. - Route layout, markers, control sheet, systems for recording passage through control points.

  1. Morpho-geological aspects and rock types: sedimentary, metamorphic and magmatic.
  2. Types of mountain valleys: glacial and fluvial valleys.
  3. Interpretation of orographic reliefs:
  4. - Morphology and orography - Lines of relief: ridges, peaks or mountains, summits and foothills.
  5. - Slope and hillside divides: mountains, hills, ridges and ridgelines, others.
  6. - Drainage surfaces: watercourses, gullies, wadis, others
  7. - Cols or passes.
  8. - Holes and depressions.
  9. - Other reliefs: dolines, lapiaz, glaciers, moraines, seracs, others.
  10. Mountain type ecosystems.
  11. Direct observation of plant and animal species.
  12. Areas of interest at regional and county level: climate, flora and fauna of different areas.
  13. Mountain environment and its ecological characterisation.
  14. Tourism in the natural environment: sports tourism, ecotourism, agrotourism, rural tourism.
  15. Anthropological and socio-cultural aspects indigenous to different areas.
  16. Environmental impact of low and medium mountain driving sports.
  17. Protocols for action in the natural environment.
  18. Environmental education:
  19. - Objectives of environmental education.
  20. - Environmental education activities.
  21. - Resources for environmental education.
  22. - Promotion of attitudes towards the environment.
  23. - Methodology of environmental education.
  24. Natural areas classified as protected areas:
  25. - National, natural and regional parks.
  26. - Nature reserves, concerted, integral, biosphere, micro-reserves and nature enclaves.
  27. - Natural site, municipal and natural monument.
  28. - Protected landscape.
  29. - Rural and peri-urban park.
  30. - Ecological and biodiversity corridor.
  31. - Protected wetlands and reservoirs.
  32. - Protective, protected and preserved forests.
  33. - Areas of Community Importance.
  34. - Special areas of conservation and protection of birds, steppe birds and wildlife.
  35. - Singular natural areas of special interest.
  36. - Rural areas of scenic interest.
  37. - Places of scientific interest.
  38. - Areas of special protection of estuaries and coastline.
  39. - Protected Biotope Areas.

  1. General atmospheric circulation.
  2. Isobaric configurations:
  3. - Isobars.
  4. - Isotherms.
  5. - Depression.
  6. - Anticyclone.
  7. - Wedges.
  8. - Watercourses.
  9. Wind:
  10. - Horizontal pressure gradient.
  11. - Geostrophic wind.
  12. - Gradient wind.
  13. Air masses:
  14. - Polar air.
  15. - Tropical air.
  16. - Continental air.
  17. Fronts and lines of instability:
  18. - Cold.
  19. - Tempering.
  20. - Occluded.
  21. Fogs:
  22. - Cooling.
  23. - Evaporation.
  24. - Mixed.
  25. Weather analysis and forecasting.
  26. Synoptic weather forecast:
  27. - Trajectory method.
  28. - Geostrophic wind method.
  29. Observational weather forecasting:
  30. - By natural signs.
  31. - Variation of atmospheric pressure.
  32. - Characteristics of clouds.
  33. - Type and form of precipitation.
  34. Visibility in the mountains:
  35. - Dew point.
  36. - Calima.
  37. - Fog.
  38. - Fog.
  39. - Mist.
  40. Atmospheric pressure: definition and variation.
  41. Clouds: definition, parts, types according to their genesis and genus.
  42. Action in the event of storms, fog and wind.
  43. Risks associated with atmospheric phenomena and preventive measures.
  44. Objective meteorological hazards in low and medium mountains:
  45. - Atmospheric: fog, temperature, humidity, wind, precipitation, lightning and solar radiation.
  46. - Terrestrial: rock falls, river beds and unstable terrain.
  47. Nivology.
  48. Snow - formation and precipitation:
  49. - Metamorphosis of snow crystals.
  50. - SWAG standards and documentation.
  51. - Influence of slope orientation on snowpack transformation; thermal gradient, humidity and wind.
  52. Snow avalanches:
  53. - Constitution of the avalanche.
  54. - Types: slab, fresh and melting snow. Influence of relief and vegetation on the triggering or stabilisation of the snowpack.
  55. - Prediction: field test on avalanche risk.
  56. - European Avalanche Risk Scale.
  57. - Action in the event of an avalanche.
  58. Analysis of the snowpack:
  59. - Sounding or sampling techniques, Arva, shovel and probe.
  60. - Appropriate documentation of observations and profiles according to SWAG standards.
  61. - Profiles and stability tests on the snowpack.
  62. - Hazard index based on conditions and trends in the snowpack and climatic conditions.
  63. - Coordinate axes: x-axis, y-axis d, for snowpack stability profiles.
  64. - Polar coordinate plots for avalanche data.
  65. - Fracture mechanics of the snowpack.
  66. - Fracture propagation probability, shear energy, and activation probability, structural weaknesses in stability analysis.
  67. - Spatial and temporal variability of stability.
  68. - ARVA transmitter technology and advanced operation.
  69. - Advanced equipment with transmitters and probe.
  70. Voyage planning and safe route navigation.
  71. Hazard recognition, risk assessment, and risk management in avalanche terrain.

  1. Specific mapping.
  2. The topographic map:
  3. - Contour lines: interpretation of the relief and its graphic representation.
  4. - Equidistance between contour lines.
  5. - Differences in level or slope: elevation of a point and calculation of the elevation of a point by interpolation, graphic calculation of slopes.
  6. - Calculation of distances on topographic maps.
  7. - Topographical maps in orienteering sports: scale and specific symbology.
  8. Angles on the ground and in the plane:
  9. - Cardinal directions.
  10. Azimuth.
  11. - Geographical poles and magnetic poles.
  12. - Magnetic meridian.
  13. - Heading and magnetic declination: annual variation of magnetic declination.
  14. Compass orientation techniques:
  15. - Characteristics, components, operation, types, applications and limitations.
  16. - Geographical and magnetic north.
  17. - Declination and inclination.
  18. - Combined use of compass and map: map orientation using compass, land navigation using compass and map.
  19. - Physical orientation, on the ground with the compass: determination of course.
  20. - Materials and elements that alter the proper functioning of the compass.
  21. - Land navigation using compass and map.
  22. GPS orientation techniques:
  23. - Satellite constellation: tracking of satellites and codes emitted by satellites.
  24. - GPS characteristics, operation, types and limitations.
  25. - Coordinates for GPS: taking and entering into GPS.
  26. - Satellite-based argumentation systems ( s.b.a.s ).
  27. - G.P.S. navigation and waypoint concept: set waypoints and navigate to them.
  28. - Combined use of GPS and map: map orientation using compass, land navigation using GPS and map.
  29. - GPS configuration.
  30. - GPS. and altitude measurement.
  31. Supplementary devices to aid orientation - use and applications: altimeter, pedometer, inclinometer and curvimeter.
  32. Orientation techniques without auxiliary instruments:
  33. - Earth's movements: the seasons, the length of the day and solar time.
  34. - References for orientation by the sun: shadow method, clock method, others.
  35. - References for night orientation: moon and moon phases, star constellations, other references.
  36. - References for orientation by signs: natural and conventional terrain markings.
  37. Orientation strategies in recreational sports activities in the natural environment:
  38. - Precise targeting techniques.
  39. - Shallow orientation techniques.
  40. - Guidance techniques with reduced visibility: voluntary error, following the contour line, reverse course.

  1. Interpretation of the previous diagnostic analysis of the activity:
  2. - Characterisation of users' interests and expectations.
  3. - Identification of the physical and motor characteristics of the users.
  4. - Determination of the level of skill and technical proficiency of the users.
  5. - Discrimination of possible limitations of personal autonomy for the elaboration of the relevant adaptations.
  6. Selection of the type of itinerary to be undertaken:
  7. - Identification of the objectives of the activity.
  8. - Determination of the start, the end and the most significant reference points for orientation.
  9. - Identification of logistical requirements for access, overnight stay and return.
  10. - Choice of the means necessary to carry out the different sections of the route.
  11. - Concretisation of plans and alternative routes in the event of possible contingencies.
  12. - Choice of strategy and sequence of activities according to the degree of difficulty of the activities.
  13. - Establishment of balanced diets and hydration guidelines on the route based on the estimation of energy and nutritional needs.
  14. Graphic representation of routes:
  15. - Specific graphic resources for cartography: specific hardware and software.
  16. - Adaptation of commercial maps and sketches: inclusion of specific symbology, scaling and dimensioning of specific areas.
  17. - Obtaining printed copies of specific plans and sketches.
  18. International trail marking symbology.
  19. Factors to be taken into account in the design of low and medium mountain routes.
  20. Cartographic interpretation and reconnaissance of the terrain from graphic sources:
  21. - Discrimination of topographical features.
  22. - Determination of routes and itineraries in use or fortunate and feasible due to the orography of the terrain.
  23. - Recognition of obstacles and dangerous areas.
  24. - Identification of constructions, facilities and spaces useful for leisure and recreational activities in the natural environment.
  25. Profile of a route:
  26. - Normal or natural profile, raised and lowered.
  27. - Graphical representation of a profile from its cartographic design.
  28. - Estimation of the intensity of effort of a route as a function of its profile and distance.
  29. Phases of the itinerary:
  30. - Time estimation.
  31. - Technical assessment of the route.
  32. - Determination of access.
  33. - Alternative plans.
  34. - Route verification.
  35. Sources of information:
  36. - Identification of the information necessary for the design of itineraries.
  37. - Locating sources of information.
  38. Complementary activities.
  39. Preparation of reports, files and route books for itineraries.
  40. Evaluation of the pathway: instruments and criteria.

  1. Identification of the technician's preventive functions.
  2. Criteria for monitoring and verification of:
  3. - Itineraries.
  4. - Safety material and equipment.
  5. - Communication equipment.
  6. - Refreshments.
  7. - Weather information.
  8. Personal and safety equipment: selection and maintenance.
  9. Identification of objective mountain hazards:
  10. - Weather: storms, tornadoes, fog, other.
  11. - Natural: avalanches, river floods, rock falls, others.
  12. - Physiological: fatigue, hypoglycaemia, dehydration, others.
  13. - Physical: sunstroke, trauma, hypothermia, animal bites, others.
  14. Anticipation of predictable behaviours and behaviours based on:
  15. - Characteristics of the sections of a route.
  16. - Type of risk activities to be carried out.
  17. - Possible contingencies.
  18. Determination of protocols for action in dangerous situations:
  19. - Internal organisation of the group.
  20. - Use of material and equipment.
  21. - Choice of security and communication equipment.
  22. - Communication: internal and external.
  23. - Coordination with other technicians and rescue teams.
  24. - Evacuation and rescue: emergencies, civil guard, mountain rescue services, others.

  1. Identification of the Recreation framework:
  2. - Characterisation of recreational leisure activity as a driving force for the development and balance of both the individual and contemporary society.
  3. Description of the recreational methodology:
  4. - Selection, timing and sequencing of recreational and leisure activities.
  5. - Selection of games for specific ages and objectives.
  6. - Uninhibited participation.
  7. - Preparation of game cards. Recording of games.
  8. - Programming of recreational play sessions.
  9. - Participation in evenings for the implementation of intervention resources.
  10. Recreational activities and games as a complement to sports and recreational activities in the natural environment:
  11. - Conception and operation.
  12. - Classification, characteristics and applicability of recreational activities in the natural environment.
  13. - Types of recreational activities that can be carried out in natural environments: objectives, characteristics and methodology.
  14. - Criteria for the inclusion and sequencing of recreational activities and games in the design of itineraries and driving activities in low and medium mountains.

  1. Functional structure and logistics in sport activities in the natural environment:
  2. - Human resources.
  3. - Material resources.
  4. - Coordination with other entities.
  5. Sequence and nature of standard management in low and medium mountain driving activities:
  6. - Information and promotion of low and medium mountain driving activities.
  7. - Arrangements for contracting and civil liability cover.
  8. - Management and contracting of accommodation and meals.
  9. - Transport and travel management and logistics.
  10. - Obtaining and managing transit, stay and overnight stay permits.
  11. Management of purchases in sports activities in the natural environment:
  12. - Analysis of the characteristics of the resources required.
  13. - Supplier selection.
  14. - Application of promotional formats.
  15. - Budgetary control.
  16. Preparation of logistical management reports on sports activities in the natural environment.
  17. Preparation of budgets for sport activities in the natural environment: anticipation and breakdown of income and expenses.
  18. Accounting management in sports activities in the natural environment:
  19. - Control of income and expenditure.
  20. - Budget forecasting and adjustment.
  21. - Preparation of economic management reports.
  22. Final deviations from the reference budget in sport activities in the natural environment: analysis and justification.

  1. Mountain environment and its ecological characterisation.
  2. Safety and environmental protection regulations for access, transit, stay, overnight stay and camping in natural environments:
  3. - Administrative authorisation for access and overnight stay.
  4. - Civil liability as an organiser and driver of low and medium mountain activities.
  5. - Regulation of sporting activities in nature protection areas.
  6. Safety and environmental protection regulations in the construction and maintenance of facilities and architectural elements for recreational sports use in natural environments:
  7. - Camping sites - basic requirements.
  8. - Staying and overnight stay areas.
  9. - Mountain hostels.
  10. - Mountain refuges.
  11. - Living-huts.
  12. - Mountain coat.
  13. Criteria for the recognition of specific geographical areas and the application of specific safety and environmental protection regulations for the development of low and medium mountain driving activities:
  14. - Typology of natural areas subject to regulation in terms of their use and exploitation for sporting and recreational activities.
  15. - Typology of sports-recreational activities susceptible to normative regulation in their development in natural environments.
  16. - Identification of environments of special vulnerability due to the impact of the practice of sport-recreational activities on them.
  17. Areas of interest at regional and county level: climate, flora and fauna of different areas.
  18. Tourism in the natural environment: sports tourism, ecotourism, agrotourism, rural tourism.
  19. Anthropological and socio-cultural aspects indigenous to different areas.
  20. Design and adaptation of protocols for access, overnight stays and environmental preservation:
  21. - Identification of regulatory needs for access, overnight stays and environmental preservation.
  22. - Sequencing and systematics in the design and adaptation of access, overnight stay and environmental preservation protocols.
  23. - Management of permits for transit, overnight stays and the practice of sports-recreational activities: usual processes: responsible entities, phases and processing documents.
  24. - Identification of resources, equipment and measures for environmental protection.
  25. - Criteria for specific adaptation of sport and leisure activities to eliminate the impact of environmental degradation.
  26. - Integration of access, overnight stay and environmental preservation protocols in the design of itineraries.