1. Interpretation of the previous diagnostic analysis of the activity:
  2. - Characterisation of users' interests and expectations.
  3. - Identification of the physical and motor characteristics of the users.
  4. - Determination of the level of skill and technical proficiency of the users.
  5. - Discrimination of possible limitations of personal autonomy for the elaboration of the relevant adaptations.
  6. Complementary activities.
  7. Preparation of reports, files and route books for itineraries.
  8. Evaluation of the pathway: instruments and criteria.
  9. Selection of the type of itinerary to be undertaken:
  10. - Identification of the objectives of the activity.
  11. - Determination of the start, the end and the most significant reference points for orientation.
  12. - Identification of logistical requirements for access, overnight stay and return.
  13. - Choice of the means necessary to carry out the different sections of the route.
  14. - Concretisation of plans and alternative routes in the event of possible contingencies.
  15. - Choice of strategy and sequence of activities according to the degree of difficulty of the activities.
  16. - Establishment of balanced diets and hydration guidelines on the route based on the estimation of energy and nutritional needs.
  17. Graphic representation of routes:
  18. - Specific graphic resources for cartography: specific hardware and software.
  19. - Adaptation of commercial maps and sketches: inclusion of specific symbology, scaling and dimensioning of specific areas.
  20. - Obtaining printed copies of specific plans and sketches.
  21. International trail marking symbology.
  22. Factors to be taken into account in the design of caving routes.
  23. Cartographic interpretation and reconnaissance of the terrain from graphic sources:
  24. - Discrimination of topographical features.
  25. - Determination of routes and itineraries in use or fortunate and feasible due to the orography of the terrain.
  26. - Recognition of obstacles and dangerous areas.
  27. - Identification of constructions, facilities and spaces useful for leisure and recreational activities in the natural environment.
  28. Profile of a route:
  29. - Normal or natural profile, raised and lowered.
  30. - Graphical representation of a profile from its cartographic design.
  31. - Estimation of the intensity of effort of a route as a function of its profile and distance.
  32. Phases of the itinerary:
  33. - Time estimation.
  34. - Technical assessment of the route.
  35. - Determination of access.
  36. - Alternative plans.
  37. - Route verification.
  38. Sources of information:
  39. - Identification of the information necessary for the design of itineraries.
  40. - Locating sources of information.

  1. Interpretation of the previous diagnostic analysis of the activity:
  2. - Topographical characterisation of the: depth and length.
  3. - Characterisation of cavity difficulties.
  4. - Characterisation of cavity equipment.
  5. - Determination of the user's sports profile according to the type of cavity.
  6. - Discrimination of possible limitations of personal autonomy for the elaboration of the relevant adaptations.
  7. Determination of means on the basis of the previous diagnostic analysis:
  8. - Individual protective and safety equipment.
  9. - Collective protection and safety equipment.
  10. - Self-rescue material.
  11. - Team of guides and technicians.
  12. - Communication equipment.
  13. Establishment of the speleological itinerary to be followed:
  14. - Determination of the start and end point.
  15. - Determination of the point of no return.
  16. - Location of the escape routes of the itinerary.
  17. - Location of rest and feeding points.
  18. - Location of points of major ecological interest.
  19. - Situation the escape routes.
  20. - Estimated completion time.
  21. Graphic representation of the speleological itineraries
  22. - Symbology used in the representation.
  23. - Sketch profiles and elevations.
  24. - Complementary sheets to the sketches.
  25. Gradation of difficulty.
  26. Preparation of reports, files and notebooks of speleological itineraries.
  27. Evaluation of the speleological itinerary: Instruments and criteria.

  1. Identification of the technician's preventive functions.
  2. Criteria for monitoring and verification of:
  3. - Itineraries.
  4. - Safety material and equipment.
  5. - Communication equipment.
  6. - Refreshments.
  7. - Weather information.
  8. Personal and safety equipment: selection and maintenance.
  9. Identification of objective hazards in caving:
  10. - Weather: storms, tornadoes, fog, other.
  11. - Natural: river floods, rock falls, others.
  12. - Physiological: fatigue, hypoglycaemia, dehydration, others.
  13. - Physical: sunstroke, trauma, hypothermia, animal bites, others.
  14. Anticipation of predictable behaviours and behaviours based on:
  15. - Characteristics of the sections of a route.
  16. - Type of risk activities to be carried out.
  17. - Possible contingencies.
  18. Determination of protocols for action in dangerous situations:
  19. - Internal organisation of the group.
  20. - Use of material and equipment.
  21. - Choice of security and communication equipment.
  22. - Communication: internal and external.
  23. - Coordination with other technicians and rescue teams.
  24. - Evacuation and rescue: emergencies, civil guard, mountain rescue services, others.

  1. Functional structure and logistics in sport activities in the natural environment:
  2. - Human resources.
  3. - Material resources.
  4. - Coordination with other entities.
  5. Sequence and nature of standard procedures in caving driving activities:
  6. - Information and promotion of caving driving activities.
  7. - Arrangements for contracting and civil liability cover.
  8. - Management and contracting of accommodation and meals.
  9. - Transport and travel management and logistics.
  10. - Obtaining and managing transit, stay and overnight stay permits.
  11. Management of purchases in caving sports activities:
  12. - Analysis of the characteristics of the resources required.
  13. - Supplier selection.
  14. - Application of promotional formats.
  15. - Budgetary control.
  16. Preparation of logistical management reports on caving sports activities.
  17. Preparation of budgets for sporting activities in caving: anticipation and breakdown of income and expenses.
  18. Accounting management in caving sports activities:
  19. - Control of income and expenditure.
  20. - Budget forecasting and adjustment.
  21. - Preparation of economic management reports.
  22. Final deviations from the reference budget in sport activities in the natural environment: analysis and justification.

  1. The subterranean environment and its ecological characterisation.
  2. Safety and environmental protection regulations for access, transit, stay and overnight stay in underground natural environments:
  3. - Administrative authorisation for access and overnight stay.
  4. - Civil liability as organiser and driver of caving activities.
  5. - Regulation of sporting activities in nature protection areas.
  6. Safety and environmental protection regulations in the construction and maintenance of facilities and architectural elements for recreational sports use in natural environments:
  7. - Camping sites - basic requirements.
  8. - Staying and overnight stay areas.
  9. - Mountain hostels.
  10. - Mountain refuges.
  11. - Living-huts.
  12. - Mountain coat.
  13. Criteria for the recognition of specific geographical areas and the application of specific safety and environmental protection regulations for the development of caving driving activities:
  14. - Typology of natural areas subject to regulation in terms of their use and exploitation for sporting and recreational activities.
  15. - Typology of sports-recreational activities susceptible to normative regulation in their development in natural environments.
  16. - Identification of environments of special vulnerability due to the impact of the practice of sport-recreational activities on them.
  17. Areas of interest at regional and county level: climate, flora and fauna of different areas.
  18. Tourism in the natural environment: sports tourism, ecotourism, agrotourism, rural tourism.
  19. Anthropological and socio-cultural aspects indigenous to different areas.
  20. Design and adaptation of protocols for access, overnight stays and environmental preservation:
  21. - Identification of regulatory needs for access, overnight stays and environmental preservation.
  22. - Sequencing and systematics in the design and adaptation of access, overnight stay and environmental preservation protocols.
  23. - Management of permits for transit, overnight stays and the practice of sports-recreational activities: usual processes: responsible entities, phases and processing documents.
  24. - Identification of resources, equipment and measures for environmental protection.
  25. - Criteria for specific adaptation of sport and leisure activities to eliminate the impact of environmental degradation.
  26. - Integration of access, overnight stay and environmental preservation protocols in the design of speleological itineraries.

  1. Shape and dimensions of the Earth:
  2. - Land relief.
  3. - Geographical coordinates of a point: longitude, latitude, planes, meridians and parallels.
  4. - Concept of map.
  5. - Distance between two points on the Earth.
  6. Projections:
  7. - Cartographic.
  8. - Cylindrical.
  9. - U.T.M.
  10. - Polar.
  11. Maps:
  12. - Concept of map and types.
  13. - Scales: graphical and numerical, calculation of distances from the scale.
  14. - Information collected on maps: conventional symbols and marginal information.
  15. - Administrative boundaries and statistical data.
  16. - Toponymy.
  17. Topographical maps:
  18. - Contour lines: interpretation of the relief and its graphic representation.
  19. - Equidistance between contour lines.
  20. - Differences in level or slope: elevation of a point and calculation of the elevation of a point by interpolation, graphic calculation of slopes.
  21. - Calculation of distances on topographic maps.
  22. - Topographical maps in orienteering sports.
  23. Cartography in orienteering sports:
  24. - Types of activities, competitions and events in sport and recreational orienteering.
  25. - Maps in orienteering sports: scales and specific symbology.
  26. - Route layout, markers, control sheet, systems for recording passage through control points.

  1. Morpho-geological aspects and rock types: sedimentary, metamorphic and magmatic.
  2. Environmental impact of low and medium mountain driving sports.
  3. Protocols for action in the natural environment.
  4. Environmental education:
  5. - Objectives of environmental education.
  6. - Environmental education activities.
  7. - Resources for environmental education.
  8. - Promotion of attitudes towards the environment.
  9. - Methodology of environmental education.
  10. Natural areas classified as protected areas:
  11. - National, natural and regional parks.
  12. - Nature reserves, concerted, integral, biosphere, micro-reserves and nature enclaves.
  13. - Natural site, municipal and natural monument.
  14. - Protected landscape.
  15. - Rural and peri-urban park.
  16. - Ecological and biodiversity corridor.
  17. - Protected wetlands and reservoirs.
  18. - Protective, protected and preserved forests.
  19. - Areas of Community Importance.
  20. - Special areas of conservation and protection of birds, steppe birds and wildlife.
  21. - Singular natural areas of special interest.
  22. - Rural areas of scenic interest.
  23. - Places of scientific interest.
  24. - Areas of special protection of estuaries and coastline.
  25. - Protected Biotope Areas.
  26. Types of mountain valleys: glacial and fluvial valleys.
  27. Interpretation of orographic reliefs:
  28. - Morphology and orography-Lines of relief: ridges, peaks or mountains, summits and foothills.
  29. - Slope and hillside divides: mountains, hills, ridges and ridgelines, others.
  30. - Drainage surfaces: watercourses, gullies, wadis, others
  31. - Cols or passes.
  32. - Holes and depressions.
  33. - Other reliefs: dolines, lapiaz, glaciers, moraines, seracs, others.
  34. Mountain type ecosystems.
  35. Direct observation of plant and animal species.
  36. Areas of interest at regional and county level: climate, flora and fauna of different areas.
  37. Mountain environment and its ecological characterisation.
  38. Tourism in the natural environment: sports tourism, ecotourism, agrotourism, rural tourism.
  39. Anthropological and socio-cultural aspects indigenous to different areas.

  1. General atmospheric circulation
  2. Visibility in the mountains:
  3. - Dew point.
  4. - Calima.
  5. - Fog.
  6. - Fog.
  7. - Mist.
  8. Atmospheric pressure: definition and variation.
  9. Clouds: definition, parts, types according to their genesis and genus.
  10. Action in the event of storms, fog and wind.
  11. Risks associated with atmospheric phenomena and preventive measures.
  12. Objective meteorological hazards in low and medium mountains:
  13. - Atmospheric: fog, temperature, humidity, wind, precipitation, lightning and solar radiation.
  14. - Terrestrial: rock falls, river beds and unstable terrain.
  15. Isobaric configurations:
  16. - Isobars.
  17. - Isotherms.
  18. - Depression.
  19. - Anticyclone.
  20. - Wedges.
  21. - Watercourses.
  22. Wind:
  23. - Horizontal pressure gradient.
  24. - Geostrophic wind.
  25. - Gradient wind.
  26. Air masses:
  27. - Polar air.
  28. - Tropical air.
  29. - Continental air.
  30. Fronts and lines of instability:
  31. - Cold.
  32. - Tempering.
  33. - Occluded.
  34. Fogs:
  35. - Cooling.
  36. - Evaporation.
  37. - Mixed.
  38. Weather analysis and forecasting.
  39. Synoptic weather forecast:
  40. - Trajectory method.
  41. - Geostrophic wind method.
  42. Observational weather forecasting:
  43. - By natural signs.
  44. - Variation of atmospheric pressure.
  45. - Characteristics of clouds.
  46. - Type and form of precipitation.

  1. Specific mapping.
  2. The topographic map:
  3. - Contour lines: interpretation of the relief and its graphic representation.
  4. - Equidistance between contour lines.
  5. - Differences in level or slope: elevation of a point and calculation of the elevation of a point by interpolation, graphic calculation of slopes.
  6. - Calculation of distances on topographic maps.
  7. - Topographical maps in orienteering sports: scale and specific symbology.
  8. Angles on the ground and in the plane:
  9. - Cardinal directions.
  10. - Azimuth.
  11. - Geographical poles and magnetic poles.
  12. - Magnetic meridian.
  13. - Heading and magnetic declination: annual variation of magnetic declination.
  14. Compass orientation techniques:
  15. - Characteristics, components, operation, types, applications and limitations.
  16. - Geographical and magnetic north.
  17. - Declination and inclination.
  18. - Combined use of compass and map: map orientation using compass, land navigation using compass and map.
  19. - Physical orientation, on the ground with the compass: determination of course.
  20. - Materials and elements that alter the proper functioning of the compass.
  21. - Land navigation using compass and map.
  22. GPS orientation techniques:
  23. - Satellite constellation: tracking of satellites and codes emitted by satellites.
  24. - GPS characteristics, operation, types and limitations.
  25. - Coordinates for GPS: taking and entering into GPS.
  26. - Satellite-based argumentation systems (s.b.a.s).
  27. - G.P.S. navigation and waypoint concept: set waypoints and navigate to them.
  28. - Combined use of GPS and map: map orientation using compass, land navigation using GPS and map.
  29. - GPS configuration.
  30. - GPS. and altitude measurement.
  31. Supplementary devices to aid orientation-use and applications: altimeter, pedometer, inclinometer and curvimeter.
  32. Orientation techniques without auxiliary instruments:
  33. - Earth's movements: the seasons, the length of the day and solar time.
  34. - References for orientation by the sun: shadow method, clock method, others.
  35. - References for night orientation: moon and moon phases, star constellations, other references.
  36. - References for orientation by signs: natural and conventional terrain markings.
  37. Orientation strategies in recreational sports activities in the natural environment:
  38. - Precise targeting techniques.
  39. - Shallow orientation techniques.
  40. - Guidance techniques with reduced visibility: voluntary error, following the contour line, reverse course.

  1. Typology and rank of the specific regulations on natural environments, scope of regulation:
  2. - International.
  3. - National.
  4. - Autonomous.
  5. - Local.
  6. - Rural.
  7. - Municipal.
  8. Specific regulations on access, transit, stay, overnight stay and camping in natural environments.
  9. Regulations for the preservation and use of natural caving areas.
  10. Manufacturing, use, safety, security, protection and risk prevention regulations in:
  11. - Use of auxiliary means of transport in natural environments.
  12. - Specific equipment for protection, safety (anchorages) and progression in caving.
  13. - Auxiliary materials.
  14. - Personal equipment.
  15. - Communication equipment.
  16. Recognition of specific geographic spaces for the development of driving activities in underground cavities up to class five:
  17. - Determination of the topographical and environmental characteristics of the area.
  18. - Identification of the state, autonomous community and local regulations governing natural environments that can be used for sports and recreational activities.
  19. - Analysis of the possibilities of carrying out sport and leisure activities in specific geographical enclaves.
  20. - Identification of project models of canyoning activities carried out in specific geographical environments.
  21. Organisation and structure of entities that offer sports-recreational and adventure tourism activities in natural areas:
  22. - Public, entities, companies and organisations demanding caving driving activities.
  23. - Sector and sub-sectors of sports-recreational activities and adventure tourism in natural areas.
  24. - Most demanded activities: by population segments and by the nature of the entities demanding and promoting this type of services.

  1. The different types of disability:
  2. - Definition and characteristics.
  3. - Sport-medical classifications.
  4. - Psycho-affective characteristics: motor disability, mental disability, sensory disability.
  5. Organisations and entities at local, regional, national and international level, related to people with disabilities.
  6. Disability in the field of sports-recreational activities in the natural environment:
  7. - Practical possibilities.
  8. - Psychophysical benefits.
  9. - Contraindications.
  10. Adaptations of underground cave driving activities up to class five for people with disabilities:
  11. - Level of personal autonomy and adaptation to effort.
  12. - Limiting factors of movement according to the type of disability.
  13. - Specific tests and assessment tests are adapted to each type of disability.
  14. - Adaptation of basic progression techniques and specific techniques of driving in underground caves up to class five to the different types and degrees of disabilities.
  15. - Basic considerations in the fitting and maintenance of prosthetic and orthotic equipment.
  16. Criteria for the organisation of underground caving activities up to class five adapted to different types and degrees of disabilities:
  17. - Organisational criteria for the structure of the group: ratio of users and number of guides and technicians responsible for the activity, coordination and functions of all the technicians involved.
  18. - Proposed methodology for the development and instruction of the different activities.
  19. - Guidelines for interpersonal communication.
  20. - Proposal for measures to adapt material resources and support materials.
  21. Basic health and safety rules for driving activities in underground caves up to class five for people with different types of disabilities.

  1. Basic aspects of implementation:
  2. - Demonstration and support.
  3. - Risks and safety standards.
  4. - Fatigue: symptoms of onset, prevention, treatment and dosage of effort.
  5. - Adaptation to the typologies of users: by age, technical mastery, level of sporting fitness, degree of personal autonomy and possible situations of disability, among others.
  6. - Contraindications.
  7. - Instruments for collecting information: tests, questionnaires, observation.
  8. Biotypology and body composition:
  9. - Improvements depending on the morphology and genotype of the user.
  10. - Anthropometry: basic parameters.
  11. - Basic implementation tools and procedures.
  12. - Body composition: body mass index and fat percentage.
  13. Postural aspects and levels of motor autonomy:
  14. - Locomotor system, structure.
  15. - Motor skills and movement.
  16. - Postural alterations: implications for gait and transport of equipment and materials.
  17. - Foot structure and criteria for the choice of footwear for caving activities.
  18. - Basic postural analysis: instruments, observation criteria and recording.
  19. - Podiatric analysis: alterations in the lower limb and their implication in the biomechanics of gait.
  20. - Tools for collecting and interpreting information.
  21. Technical execution or technical mastery:
  22. - Criteria for assessment of elementary-basic technical proficiency.
  23. - Placement tests: selection, application and interpretation of results.
  24. - Specific field tests and trials selection, application and interpretation of results.
  25. Physical condition:
  26. - General and specific conditional abilities in caving driving activities.
  27. - Basic level parameters of general and specific conditional capacities for caving activities.
  28. - Field tests and trials: Instruments and application procedure.
  29. - Tools for collecting and interpreting information.
  30. Detection of basic personality traits, motivations and interests:
  31. - Sociology of leisure, free time and sport.
  32. - The personal interview: models and application procedure.
  33. - Experience and background: medical and sporting history.
  34. - Tools for collecting and interpreting information.

  1. Interpretation of the Entity's General Programming:
  2. - Programme structure.
  3. - Programme models.
  4. - Alternative programmes.
  5. Data and information collection:
  6. - Primary source.
  7. - Secondary source.
  8. - Direct source.
  9. - Indirect source.
  10. - Data confidentiality.
  11. Context of intervention and regular offer of activities:
  12. - Groups and entities demanding this type of services.
  13. - Types of users and clients.
  14. - Infrastructure.
  15. - Spaces and materials to be used.
  16. - Human resources.
  17. - Activities and activity packages most in demand.
  18. Diagnostic analysis for the operational development of caving driving projects:
  19. - Interpretation of the information: criteria for selecting and evaluating the data obtained.
  20. - Methodology.
  21. - Objectives to be met.
  22. - Adequacy and responsiveness to the needs and expectations of demand.
  23. - Integration and processing of the information obtained.
  24. - Model documents.
  25. - Physical recording and archiving techniques.
  26. - IT support and resources.
  27. - Information flow: location and communication of processed data.

  1. General aspects of evaluation:
  2. - Objectives.
  3. - Programme-project evaluation.
  4. - Evaluation of user progress-satisfaction.
  5. - Evaluation process: assessable aspects and evaluation techniques.
  6. - Assessment tools: assessment materials.
  7. - Corrective actions based on the assessment.
  8. - Observation, monitoring and evaluation tools.
  9. Programmatic evaluation in caving driving projects, processes and periodicity:
  10. - Quantitative and qualitative aspects of evaluation.
  11. - The design of evaluation processes.
  12. - Objectives, indicators, data collection techniques.
  13. - Instruments and methods for data collection.
  14. - Information processing.
  15. - Analysis and interpretation of information.
  16. - Monitoring of the process, results and quality of service.
  17. - Establishment of corrective measures.
  18. - Periodicity of the assessment: time sequence of the assessment or implementation schedule.
  19. - Integration of evaluation measures and their application methodology in the operational development of caving driving projects.
  20. - Feedback and improvement of the reference project.
  21. Operational evaluation of caving driving projects:
  22. - Basic control of the development of the different phases of the development of the activities.
  23. - Control of participation.
  24. - Contingency control and incident forecasting.
  25. - Control of the use of equipment, materials, auxiliary equipment and installations.
  26. - Recording, processing and interpretation of data.
  27. - Preparation of reports.
  28. Assessment and analysis of the service provided:
  29. - Characteristics of the service.
  30. - Basic concepts of quality of service delivery.
  31. - Service quality control methods.
  32. - Interpretation of results and reporting.

  1. Identification of the material necessary for the activity:
  2. - Individual.
  3. - Group.
  4. - Sport.
  5. - Security.
  6. - Rescue and self-rescue.
  7. - Of equipment.
  8. - Communication.
  9. - Refreshments.
  10. Verification of the state of maintenance and correct functioning of the equipment necessary for the itinerary.
  11. Selection of the appropriate material for the activity according to:
  12. - Difficulty and duration of the route.
  13. - Number of users
  14. - Users' level of skill and material handling.
  15. - Morphology of users.
  16. - Safety margins for the activity.
  17. - Hydrological regime.
  18. - Level of equipment of facilities and handrails.
  19. - Weather conditions.
  20. - Cost-effectiveness and durability of equipment.
  21. - Tools and repair materials.
  22. Review of all necessary permits for the itinerary.
  23. Application of the protocol for the control and distribution of material prior to the itinerary:
  24. - Identification of basic needs during the itinerary.
  25. - Distribution of material according to weight and volume criteria.
  26. - Checking of own and users' equipment and supplies.
  27. Application of the protocol for collecting, checking, repairing and storing equipment after the activity.

  1. Personal image of the technician and corporate image of the entity:
  2. - Image and conduct guidelines for caving driving activities.
  3. - The promotion of the entity through the image of the responsible guide.
  4. Selection of communication techniques to be used with users: verbal, gestural and assertive.
  5. Listening techniques according to the characteristics and needs of the users:
  6. - Active listening.
  7. - Empathetic attitude.
  8. - Helping to think.
  9. Identification of barriers and difficulties in communication with the user:
  10. - Listening errors.
  11. - Lack of attention.
  12. - Disturbances in the channel.
  13. - Comprehension difficulties.
  14. - Location of the sender and receiver of the message.
  15. Use and management of the voice: intonation, diction and clarity.
  16. Basic customer service skills: courtesy, credibility, communication, accessibility, understanding, trustworthiness, professionalism, responsiveness, reliability.
  17. Empathy and goal setting.
  18. Methods to motivate a client: achievement and self-motivation.
  19. Specific care and service strategies in commercial caving driving activities:
  20. - Presentation of the professional.
  21. - Reception of users and presentation.
  22. - Guidelines for personal and individualised treatment.
  23. - Compliance with standards.
  24. - Specific social skills.
  25. - Attention to diversity.
  26. - Warning of risk situations.
  27. - Coordination of services.
  28. - Farewell to users.
  29. - Feedback.
  30. Strategies for conflict resolution and complaint handling.
  31. Identification of the different types of communication and the stages of the communication process.
  32. Communicative context and communication strategies: verbal and non-verbal communication (gestural, kinesic).
  33. Determination of the different types of language to be used with users in order to achieve a better understanding of the message:
  34. - Linguistic: oral and written.
  35. - Non-linguistic: audiovisual and iconic.

  1. Distribution, organisation and control of the group according to the activity and the users:
  2. - Determination of the number of guides and/or technicians needed depending on the group: number and type of participants.
  3. - Positioning and movement of the technician and participants during the activity.
  4. - Exercise of the guide's leadership during the activity.
  5. - Rhythm and pauses.
  6. Characterisation of group management procedures and strategies:
  7. - Application of the company's rules for welcoming, interacting with and dismissing participants.
  8. - Justified choice of initial information; description of the activity.
  9. - Establishment of criteria for adaptation and testing of equipment.
  10. - Selection, delivery, collection and supervision of the material to be used in the itinerary.
  11. - Demonstration of individual technique and use of equipment: typical errors in technical execution and application of effort, assessment criteria.
  12. - Control of the equipment and fortune repairs of the same during the itinerary.
  13. - Transmission of rules and procedures necessary to maintain safe conditions during the activity.
  14. - Application of the functions of group management and identification of the possible dynamic techniques to be used.
  15. - Indication of the rules for the use of natural areas.
  16. - Evaluation of the activity and drafting of the final report.
  17. Adaptation of the itinerary to the characteristics of the group of participants:
  18. - Users with and without limitation of their personal autonomy.
  19. - Identification and recognition of the possible risks to be assumed during the itinerary.
  20. Choice of the type of communication to be used in compromising situations and identification of the behavioural patterns to be transmitted to the members of the group:
  21. - Indication of safety distance, order of passage and manoeuvres to be carried out by the members of the group in dangerous sections of the route.
  22. - Determination of user support manoeuvres and techniques to be applied in order to overcome the section.
  23. - Indication of grouping guidelines and location of the participants once the difficult section has been overcome.
  24. Recognition of the most appropriate means and devices of communication to be used during the itinerary:
  25. - Checking its operational status.
  26. - Preparation of media for transport en route and subsequent storage and maintenance.
  27. - Identification of coverage areas and choice of media frequency bands where required.
  28. - Determination of communication guidelines with the organisation.
  29. Identification of possible circumstances that may trigger emergency situations during the tour:
  30. - Description of the objective circumstances that may trigger an emergency.
  31. - Description of user skills and capabilities that may trigger an emergency.
  32. - Justified choice of actions proposed for the resolution of the emergency.
  33. - Description of the communication strategies to be carried out with the participants in the activity and choice of information to be conveyed to them.
  34. - Analysis of the guide's behavioural patterns and their influence on the control of the situation.

  1. Characterisation of the group and the stages of its evolution:
  2. - Identification of the group.
  3. - Psychological determination of the group.
  4. - Establishing the relationship between the individual and the group.
  5. - Differentiation of belonging group and reference group.
  6. Completion of the activity:
  7. - Observation techniques.
  8. - Analysis and assessment of the management of activities.
  9. Description and application of group dynamics processes and techniques:
  10. - Identification of group dynamisation techniques: induction and self-dynamisation.
  11. - Selection and application of data collection techniques.
  12. - Identification of types of leadership: positive and negative.
  13. - Enhancing cordiality and disinhibition.
  14. - Achieving maximum user participation.
  15. - Resolution of conflict situations.
  16. - Empowerment of positive attitudes.
  17. Identification and application of conflict resolution styles:
  18. - Choice of problem-solving process.
  19. - Identification of the most common methods for group decision-making.
  20. - Identification of the key phases in decision-making and their application.
  21. - Conflict and crisis situations in the natural environment: Rivalry and cohesion.
  22. - Discrimination of the role of the guide.
  23. - Promotion of an empathetic and tolerant attitude in the guide.
  24. - Identification of the intervention proposal.
  25. - Determination of the most appropriate social skills.
  26. Identification of the recreation framework:
  27. - Characterisation of recreational leisure activity as a driving force for the development and balance of both the individual and contemporary society.
  28. Description of the recreational methodology:
  29. - Selection, timing and sequencing of recreational and leisure activities.
  30. - Selection of games for specific ages and objectives.
  31. - Uninhibited participation.
  32. - Preparation of game cards. Recording of games.
  33. - Programming of recreational play sessions.
  34. - Participation in evenings for the implementation of intervention resources.
  35. Identification of recreational play activities and games:
  36. - Conception and operation.
  37. - Classification, characteristics and applicability of leisure and recreational activities.
  38. - Types of recreational activities.
  39. - Objectives.
  40. - Characteristics.
  41. - Methodology.
  42. Intervention of the guide as an animator.
  43. Practical management of activities:
  44. - Explanation and demonstration of the activity.
  45. - Organisation of participants, spaces and material.
  46. Intervention in the implementation of the activity:
  47. - Application of reinforcement.
  48. - Knowledge of results.
  49. - Incident resolution.
  50. - Evaluation of the activity.

  1. Criteria for the selection of rescue equipment according to the activities.
  2. Identification, selection and execution of the protocol for emergency action in caving.
  3. Strings:
  4. - Diameters.
  5. - Characteristics.
  6. - Use, handling and application.
  7. - Recommended lengths.
  8. - Verification and preventive control of the state of maintenance.
  9. Auxiliary strings:
  10. - Recommended lengths.
  11. - Use, handling and application.
  12. - Verification and preventive control of the state of maintenance.
  13. Carabiners:
  14. - Symmetric, asymmetric and HMS type.
  15. - Safe and secure.
  16. - Use, handling and application.
  17. Descenders and badges:
  18. - Types.
  19. - Use, handling and application.
  20. - Verification and preventive control of the state of maintenance.
  21. Pulleys:
  22. - Simple.
  23. - Tanden.
  24. - With bearing.
  25. - Self-blockers.
  26. - Verification and preventive control of the state of maintenance.
  27. - Use, handling and application.
  28. Mechanical blockers:
  29. - Simple.
  30. - Automatic.
  31. - Verification and preventive control of the state of maintenance.
  32. - Use, handling and application.
  33. Determination of the correct working method:
  34. - Verification and preventive control of the state of maintenance.
  35. Application of anchoring techniques using natural means.

  1. Fundamentals of physical conditioning:
  2. - Physical fitness: conditional capacities.
  3. - Physical fitness as a support for sporting performance.
  4. - Physical fitness as a means of improving health and quality of life.
  5. - Physical conditioning: basic methods of developing conditional capacities.
  6. - Physiological and functional adaptation to physical effort: bases and principles of training.
  7. - Fatigue as an effect of training load.
  8. - Chronic fatigue or overtraining: concept, detection and application of the principle of supercompensation.
  9. Specific conditional and coordinative abilities for effective and safe progression in canyoning:
  10. - Conditional capacities - strength, endurance, speed and flexibility: generic concept and specific treatment according to performance needs in canyoning progression activities.
  11. - Coordination skills: coordination, balance and agility, generic concept and specific treatment according to performance needs in canyoning progression activities.
  12. Development of generic and specific physical condition for canyoning activities:
  13. - Muscle energy sources: alactic anaerobic system, lactic anaerobic system and aerobic system.
  14. - Development and basic methods of aerobic and anaerobic endurance training.
  15. - Development and basic methods of strength training.
  16. - Development and basic methods of flexibility training.
  17. - Programmes and training models for the combined improvement of physical condition in sports facilities: the multi-purpose training room.
  18. - Typical training programmes and models for combined fitness improvement in the natural environment: equipment load, distances and slopes.
  19. - Use of specific equipment and materials for progression in the natural environment for the specific improvement of physical condition.
  20. Specific training in rope handling, progression and self-rescue techniques:
  21. - Development of individual technical skills.
  22. - Development of specific technical capacities for application to users.
  23. - Development of technical self-rescue skills.
  24. - Development of technical capacities to assist users.
  25. Specific training of strategic tactical capabilities.
  26. Interpretation of signs of hydrological phenomena.
  27. Basic procedures for self-assessment of the technical and physical abilities required of a caving guide:
  28. - Basic procedures for self-assessment of sporting fitness: initial and progress.
  29. - Recording of training loads and evolution of results.
  30. - Basic tests and field tests for self-assessment of physical fitness.
  31. - Basic tests and field tests for the self-assessment of coordination skills.
  32. - Criteria for the application of the results of a basic battery of tests and trials for the adaptation and sequencing of training models and programmes.
  33. - Criteria for the application of the results of a basic battery of tests and trials for the improvement of coordination skills and technical mastery.
  34. - Experiences, commitment and continuity in the practical implementation of training programmes.
  35. Nutrition, hydration and recovery techniques:
  36. - Differences between feeding and nourishing.
  37. - Diet: healthy and balanced. Food groups and food pyramids.
  38. - Nutrition and hydration: hydration, immediate principles, caloric intake, plastic function, restitution of regulatory substances.
  39. - Nutrition and hydration needs: basal metabolism and physical activities by intensity and environmental conditions.
  40. - Calculation of calorie consumption. Approximation methods, energy consumption tables.
  41. - Relationship between predominant metabolism and nutrient intake. Effects on energy production and maintenance of muscle work.
  42. - Energy reserves in the body. Mobilisation during exercise.
  43. - Special training support and recovery measures: nutritional supplements and supplements, ergogenic aids.
  44. - Basic massage and self-massage techniques.
  45. - Basic hydrotherapy techniques for recovery: hydromassage and contrast baths.
  46. Prevention measures and basic treatment of joint and muscle injuries common in training and sports activities in caving environments.