- Interpretation of the previous diagnostic analysis of the activity:
- - Characterisation of users' interests and expectations.
- - Identification of the physical and motor characteristics of the users.
- - Determination of the level of skill and technical proficiency of the users.
- - Discrimination of possible limitations of personal autonomy for the elaboration of the relevant adaptations.
- Complementary activities.
- Preparation of reports, files and route books for itineraries.
- Evaluation of the pathway: instruments and criteria.
- Selection of the type of itinerary to be undertaken:
- - Identification of the objectives of the activity.
- - Determination of the start, the end and the most significant reference points for orientation.
- - Identification of logistical requirements for access, overnight stay and return.
- - Choice of the means necessary to carry out the different sections of the route.
- - Concretisation of plans and alternative routes in the event of possible contingencies.
- - Choice of strategy and sequence of activities according to the degree of difficulty of the activities.
- - Establishment of balanced diets and hydration guidelines on the route based on the estimation of energy and nutritional needs.
- Graphic representation of routes:
- - Specific graphic resources for cartography: specific hardware and software.
- - Adaptation of commercial maps and sketches: inclusion of specific symbology, scaling and dimensioning of specific areas.
- - Obtaining printed copies of specific plans and sketches.
- International trail marking symbology.
- Factors to be taken into account in the design of caving routes.
- Cartographic interpretation and reconnaissance of the terrain from graphic sources:
- - Discrimination of topographical features.
- - Determination of routes and itineraries in use or fortunate and feasible due to the orography of the terrain.
- - Recognition of obstacles and dangerous areas.
- - Identification of constructions, facilities and spaces useful for leisure and recreational activities in the natural environment.
- Profile of a route:
- - Normal or natural profile, raised and lowered.
- - Graphical representation of a profile from its cartographic design.
- - Estimation of the intensity of effort of a route as a function of its profile and distance.
- Phases of the itinerary:
- - Time estimation.
- - Technical assessment of the route.
- - Determination of access.
- - Alternative plans.
- - Route verification.
- Sources of information:
- - Identification of the information necessary for the design of itineraries.
- - Locating sources of information.
- Interpretation of the previous diagnostic analysis of the activity:
- - Topographical characterisation of the: depth and length.
- - Characterisation of cavity difficulties.
- - Characterisation of cavity equipment.
- - Determination of the user's sports profile according to the type of cavity.
- - Discrimination of possible limitations of personal autonomy for the elaboration of the relevant adaptations.
- Determination of means on the basis of the previous diagnostic analysis:
- - Individual protective and safety equipment.
- - Collective protection and safety equipment.
- - Self-rescue material.
- - Team of guides and technicians.
- - Communication equipment.
- Establishment of the speleological itinerary to be followed:
- - Determination of the start and end point.
- - Determination of the point of no return.
- - Location of the escape routes of the itinerary.
- - Location of rest and feeding points.
- - Location of points of major ecological interest.
- - Situation the escape routes.
- - Estimated completion time.
- Graphic representation of the speleological itineraries
- - Symbology used in the representation.
- - Sketch profiles and elevations.
- - Complementary sheets to the sketches.
- Gradation of difficulty.
- Preparation of reports, files and notebooks of speleological itineraries.
- Evaluation of the speleological itinerary: Instruments and criteria.
- Identification of the technician's preventive functions.
- Criteria for monitoring and verification of:
- - Itineraries.
- - Safety material and equipment.
- - Communication equipment.
- - Refreshments.
- - Weather information.
- Personal and safety equipment: selection and maintenance.
- Identification of objective hazards in caving:
- - Weather: storms, tornadoes, fog, other.
- - Natural: river floods, rock falls, others.
- - Physiological: fatigue, hypoglycaemia, dehydration, others.
- - Physical: sunstroke, trauma, hypothermia, animal bites, others.
- Anticipation of predictable behaviours and behaviours based on:
- - Characteristics of the sections of a route.
- - Type of risk activities to be carried out.
- - Possible contingencies.
- Determination of protocols for action in dangerous situations:
- - Internal organisation of the group.
- - Use of material and equipment.
- - Choice of security and communication equipment.
- - Communication: internal and external.
- - Coordination with other technicians and rescue teams.
- - Evacuation and rescue: emergencies, civil guard, mountain rescue services, others.
- Functional structure and logistics in sport activities in the natural environment:
- - Human resources.
- - Material resources.
- - Coordination with other entities.
- Sequence and nature of standard procedures in caving driving activities:
- - Information and promotion of caving driving activities.
- - Arrangements for contracting and civil liability cover.
- - Management and contracting of accommodation and meals.
- - Transport and travel management and logistics.
- - Obtaining and managing transit, stay and overnight stay permits.
- Management of purchases in caving sports activities:
- - Analysis of the characteristics of the resources required.
- - Supplier selection.
- - Application of promotional formats.
- - Budgetary control.
- Preparation of logistical management reports on caving sports activities.
- Preparation of budgets for sporting activities in caving: anticipation and breakdown of income and expenses.
- Accounting management in caving sports activities:
- - Control of income and expenditure.
- - Budget forecasting and adjustment.
- - Preparation of economic management reports.
- Final deviations from the reference budget in sport activities in the natural environment: analysis and justification.
- The subterranean environment and its ecological characterisation.
- Safety and environmental protection regulations for access, transit, stay and overnight stay in underground natural environments:
- - Administrative authorisation for access and overnight stay.
- - Civil liability as organiser and driver of caving activities.
- - Regulation of sporting activities in nature protection areas.
- Safety and environmental protection regulations in the construction and maintenance of facilities and architectural elements for recreational sports use in natural environments:
- - Camping sites - basic requirements.
- - Staying and overnight stay areas.
- - Mountain hostels.
- - Mountain refuges.
- - Living-huts.
- - Mountain coat.
- Criteria for the recognition of specific geographical areas and the application of specific safety and environmental protection regulations for the development of caving driving activities:
- - Typology of natural areas subject to regulation in terms of their use and exploitation for sporting and recreational activities.
- - Typology of sports-recreational activities susceptible to normative regulation in their development in natural environments.
- - Identification of environments of special vulnerability due to the impact of the practice of sport-recreational activities on them.
- Areas of interest at regional and county level: climate, flora and fauna of different areas.
- Tourism in the natural environment: sports tourism, ecotourism, agrotourism, rural tourism.
- Anthropological and socio-cultural aspects indigenous to different areas.
- Design and adaptation of protocols for access, overnight stays and environmental preservation:
- - Identification of regulatory needs for access, overnight stays and environmental preservation.
- - Sequencing and systematics in the design and adaptation of access, overnight stay and environmental preservation protocols.
- - Management of permits for transit, overnight stays and the practice of sports-recreational activities: usual processes: responsible entities, phases and processing documents.
- - Identification of resources, equipment and measures for environmental protection.
- - Criteria for specific adaptation of sport and leisure activities to eliminate the impact of environmental degradation.
- - Integration of access, overnight stay and environmental preservation protocols in the design of speleological itineraries.
- Shape and dimensions of the Earth:
- - Land relief.
- - Geographical coordinates of a point: longitude, latitude, planes, meridians and parallels.
- - Concept of map.
- - Distance between two points on the Earth.
- Projections:
- - Cartographic.
- - Cylindrical.
- - U.T.M.
- - Polar.
- Maps:
- - Concept of map and types.
- - Scales: graphical and numerical, calculation of distances from the scale.
- - Information collected on maps: conventional symbols and marginal information.
- - Administrative boundaries and statistical data.
- - Toponymy.
- Topographical maps:
- - Contour lines: interpretation of the relief and its graphic representation.
- - Equidistance between contour lines.
- - Differences in level or slope: elevation of a point and calculation of the elevation of a point by interpolation, graphic calculation of slopes.
- - Calculation of distances on topographic maps.
- - Topographical maps in orienteering sports.
- Cartography in orienteering sports:
- - Types of activities, competitions and events in sport and recreational orienteering.
- - Maps in orienteering sports: scales and specific symbology.
- - Route layout, markers, control sheet, systems for recording passage through control points.
- Morpho-geological aspects and rock types: sedimentary, metamorphic and magmatic.
- Environmental impact of low and medium mountain driving sports.
- Protocols for action in the natural environment.
- Environmental education:
- - Objectives of environmental education.
- - Environmental education activities.
- - Resources for environmental education.
- - Promotion of attitudes towards the environment.
- - Methodology of environmental education.
- Natural areas classified as protected areas:
- - National, natural and regional parks.
- - Nature reserves, concerted, integral, biosphere, micro-reserves and nature enclaves.
- - Natural site, municipal and natural monument.
- - Protected landscape.
- - Rural and peri-urban park.
- - Ecological and biodiversity corridor.
- - Protected wetlands and reservoirs.
- - Protective, protected and preserved forests.
- - Areas of Community Importance.
- - Special areas of conservation and protection of birds, steppe birds and wildlife.
- - Singular natural areas of special interest.
- - Rural areas of scenic interest.
- - Places of scientific interest.
- - Areas of special protection of estuaries and coastline.
- - Protected Biotope Areas.
- Types of mountain valleys: glacial and fluvial valleys.
- Interpretation of orographic reliefs:
- - Morphology and orography-Lines of relief: ridges, peaks or mountains, summits and foothills.
- - Slope and hillside divides: mountains, hills, ridges and ridgelines, others.
- - Drainage surfaces: watercourses, gullies, wadis, others
- - Cols or passes.
- - Holes and depressions.
- - Other reliefs: dolines, lapiaz, glaciers, moraines, seracs, others.
- Mountain type ecosystems.
- Direct observation of plant and animal species.
- Areas of interest at regional and county level: climate, flora and fauna of different areas.
- Mountain environment and its ecological characterisation.
- Tourism in the natural environment: sports tourism, ecotourism, agrotourism, rural tourism.
- Anthropological and socio-cultural aspects indigenous to different areas.
- General atmospheric circulation
- Visibility in the mountains:
- - Dew point.
- - Calima.
- - Fog.
- - Fog.
- - Mist.
- Atmospheric pressure: definition and variation.
- Clouds: definition, parts, types according to their genesis and genus.
- Action in the event of storms, fog and wind.
- Risks associated with atmospheric phenomena and preventive measures.
- Objective meteorological hazards in low and medium mountains:
- - Atmospheric: fog, temperature, humidity, wind, precipitation, lightning and solar radiation.
- - Terrestrial: rock falls, river beds and unstable terrain.
- Isobaric configurations:
- - Isobars.
- - Isotherms.
- - Depression.
- - Anticyclone.
- - Wedges.
- - Watercourses.
- Wind:
- - Horizontal pressure gradient.
- - Geostrophic wind.
- - Gradient wind.
- Air masses:
- - Polar air.
- - Tropical air.
- - Continental air.
- Fronts and lines of instability:
- - Cold.
- - Tempering.
- - Occluded.
- Fogs:
- - Cooling.
- - Evaporation.
- - Mixed.
- Weather analysis and forecasting.
- Synoptic weather forecast:
- - Trajectory method.
- - Geostrophic wind method.
- Observational weather forecasting:
- - By natural signs.
- - Variation of atmospheric pressure.
- - Characteristics of clouds.
- - Type and form of precipitation.
- Specific mapping.
- The topographic map:
- - Contour lines: interpretation of the relief and its graphic representation.
- - Equidistance between contour lines.
- - Differences in level or slope: elevation of a point and calculation of the elevation of a point by interpolation, graphic calculation of slopes.
- - Calculation of distances on topographic maps.
- - Topographical maps in orienteering sports: scale and specific symbology.
- Angles on the ground and in the plane:
- - Cardinal directions.
- - Azimuth.
- - Geographical poles and magnetic poles.
- - Magnetic meridian.
- - Heading and magnetic declination: annual variation of magnetic declination.
- Compass orientation techniques:
- - Characteristics, components, operation, types, applications and limitations.
- - Geographical and magnetic north.
- - Declination and inclination.
- - Combined use of compass and map: map orientation using compass, land navigation using compass and map.
- - Physical orientation, on the ground with the compass: determination of course.
- - Materials and elements that alter the proper functioning of the compass.
- - Land navigation using compass and map.
- GPS orientation techniques:
- - Satellite constellation: tracking of satellites and codes emitted by satellites.
- - GPS characteristics, operation, types and limitations.
- - Coordinates for GPS: taking and entering into GPS.
- - Satellite-based argumentation systems (s.b.a.s).
- - G.P.S. navigation and waypoint concept: set waypoints and navigate to them.
- - Combined use of GPS and map: map orientation using compass, land navigation using GPS and map.
- - GPS configuration.
- - GPS. and altitude measurement.
- Supplementary devices to aid orientation-use and applications: altimeter, pedometer, inclinometer and curvimeter.
- Orientation techniques without auxiliary instruments:
- - Earth's movements: the seasons, the length of the day and solar time.
- - References for orientation by the sun: shadow method, clock method, others.
- - References for night orientation: moon and moon phases, star constellations, other references.
- - References for orientation by signs: natural and conventional terrain markings.
- Orientation strategies in recreational sports activities in the natural environment:
- - Precise targeting techniques.
- - Shallow orientation techniques.
- - Guidance techniques with reduced visibility: voluntary error, following the contour line, reverse course.
- Typology and rank of the specific regulations on natural environments, scope of regulation:
- - International.
- - National.
- - Autonomous.
- - Local.
- - Rural.
- - Municipal.
- Specific regulations on access, transit, stay, overnight stay and camping in natural environments.
- Regulations for the preservation and use of natural caving areas.
- Manufacturing, use, safety, security, protection and risk prevention regulations in:
- - Use of auxiliary means of transport in natural environments.
- - Specific equipment for protection, safety (anchorages) and progression in caving.
- - Auxiliary materials.
- - Personal equipment.
- - Communication equipment.
- Recognition of specific geographic spaces for the development of driving activities in underground cavities up to class five:
- - Determination of the topographical and environmental characteristics of the area.
- - Identification of the state, autonomous community and local regulations governing natural environments that can be used for sports and recreational activities.
- - Analysis of the possibilities of carrying out sport and leisure activities in specific geographical enclaves.
- - Identification of project models of canyoning activities carried out in specific geographical environments.
- Organisation and structure of entities that offer sports-recreational and adventure tourism activities in natural areas:
- - Public, entities, companies and organisations demanding caving driving activities.
- - Sector and sub-sectors of sports-recreational activities and adventure tourism in natural areas.
- - Most demanded activities: by population segments and by the nature of the entities demanding and promoting this type of services.
- The different types of disability:
- - Definition and characteristics.
- - Sport-medical classifications.
- - Psycho-affective characteristics: motor disability, mental disability, sensory disability.
- Organisations and entities at local, regional, national and international level, related to people with disabilities.
- Disability in the field of sports-recreational activities in the natural environment:
- - Practical possibilities.
- - Psychophysical benefits.
- - Contraindications.
- Adaptations of underground cave driving activities up to class five for people with disabilities:
- - Level of personal autonomy and adaptation to effort.
- - Limiting factors of movement according to the type of disability.
- - Specific tests and assessment tests are adapted to each type of disability.
- - Adaptation of basic progression techniques and specific techniques of driving in underground caves up to class five to the different types and degrees of disabilities.
- - Basic considerations in the fitting and maintenance of prosthetic and orthotic equipment.
- Criteria for the organisation of underground caving activities up to class five adapted to different types and degrees of disabilities:
- - Organisational criteria for the structure of the group: ratio of users and number of guides and technicians responsible for the activity, coordination and functions of all the technicians involved.
- - Proposed methodology for the development and instruction of the different activities.
- - Guidelines for interpersonal communication.
- - Proposal for measures to adapt material resources and support materials.
- Basic health and safety rules for driving activities in underground caves up to class five for people with different types of disabilities.
- Basic aspects of implementation:
- - Demonstration and support.
- - Risks and safety standards.
- - Fatigue: symptoms of onset, prevention, treatment and dosage of effort.
- - Adaptation to the typologies of users: by age, technical mastery, level of sporting fitness, degree of personal autonomy and possible situations of disability, among others.
- - Contraindications.
- - Instruments for collecting information: tests, questionnaires, observation.
- Biotypology and body composition:
- - Improvements depending on the morphology and genotype of the user.
- - Anthropometry: basic parameters.
- - Basic implementation tools and procedures.
- - Body composition: body mass index and fat percentage.
- Postural aspects and levels of motor autonomy:
- - Locomotor system, structure.
- - Motor skills and movement.
- - Postural alterations: implications for gait and transport of equipment and materials.
- - Foot structure and criteria for the choice of footwear for caving activities.
- - Basic postural analysis: instruments, observation criteria and recording.
- - Podiatric analysis: alterations in the lower limb and their implication in the biomechanics of gait.
- - Tools for collecting and interpreting information.
- Technical execution or technical mastery:
- - Criteria for assessment of elementary-basic technical proficiency.
- - Placement tests: selection, application and interpretation of results.
- - Specific field tests and trials selection, application and interpretation of results.
- Physical condition:
- - General and specific conditional abilities in caving driving activities.
- - Basic level parameters of general and specific conditional capacities for caving activities.
- - Field tests and trials: Instruments and application procedure.
- - Tools for collecting and interpreting information.
- Detection of basic personality traits, motivations and interests:
- - Sociology of leisure, free time and sport.
- - The personal interview: models and application procedure.
- - Experience and background: medical and sporting history.
- - Tools for collecting and interpreting information.
- Interpretation of the Entity's General Programming:
- - Programme structure.
- - Programme models.
- - Alternative programmes.
- Data and information collection:
- - Primary source.
- - Secondary source.
- - Direct source.
- - Indirect source.
- - Data confidentiality.
- Context of intervention and regular offer of activities:
- - Groups and entities demanding this type of services.
- - Types of users and clients.
- - Infrastructure.
- - Spaces and materials to be used.
- - Human resources.
- - Activities and activity packages most in demand.
- Diagnostic analysis for the operational development of caving driving projects:
- - Interpretation of the information: criteria for selecting and evaluating the data obtained.
- - Methodology.
- - Objectives to be met.
- - Adequacy and responsiveness to the needs and expectations of demand.
- - Integration and processing of the information obtained.
- - Model documents.
- - Physical recording and archiving techniques.
- - IT support and resources.
- - Information flow: location and communication of processed data.
- General aspects of evaluation:
- - Objectives.
- - Programme-project evaluation.
- - Evaluation of user progress-satisfaction.
- - Evaluation process: assessable aspects and evaluation techniques.
- - Assessment tools: assessment materials.
- - Corrective actions based on the assessment.
- - Observation, monitoring and evaluation tools.
- Programmatic evaluation in caving driving projects, processes and periodicity:
- - Quantitative and qualitative aspects of evaluation.
- - The design of evaluation processes.
- - Objectives, indicators, data collection techniques.
- - Instruments and methods for data collection.
- - Information processing.
- - Analysis and interpretation of information.
- - Monitoring of the process, results and quality of service.
- - Establishment of corrective measures.
- - Periodicity of the assessment: time sequence of the assessment or implementation schedule.
- - Integration of evaluation measures and their application methodology in the operational development of caving driving projects.
- - Feedback and improvement of the reference project.
- Operational evaluation of caving driving projects:
- - Basic control of the development of the different phases of the development of the activities.
- - Control of participation.
- - Contingency control and incident forecasting.
- - Control of the use of equipment, materials, auxiliary equipment and installations.
- - Recording, processing and interpretation of data.
- - Preparation of reports.
- Assessment and analysis of the service provided:
- - Characteristics of the service.
- - Basic concepts of quality of service delivery.
- - Service quality control methods.
- - Interpretation of results and reporting.
- Identification of the material necessary for the activity:
- - Individual.
- - Group.
- - Sport.
- - Security.
- - Rescue and self-rescue.
- - Of equipment.
- - Communication.
- - Refreshments.
- Verification of the state of maintenance and correct functioning of the equipment necessary for the itinerary.
- Selection of the appropriate material for the activity according to:
- - Difficulty and duration of the route.
- - Number of users
- - Users' level of skill and material handling.
- - Morphology of users.
- - Safety margins for the activity.
- - Hydrological regime.
- - Level of equipment of facilities and handrails.
- - Weather conditions.
- - Cost-effectiveness and durability of equipment.
- - Tools and repair materials.
- Review of all necessary permits for the itinerary.
- Application of the protocol for the control and distribution of material prior to the itinerary:
- - Identification of basic needs during the itinerary.
- - Distribution of material according to weight and volume criteria.
- - Checking of own and users' equipment and supplies.
- Application of the protocol for collecting, checking, repairing and storing equipment after the activity.
- Personal image of the technician and corporate image of the entity:
- - Image and conduct guidelines for caving driving activities.
- - The promotion of the entity through the image of the responsible guide.
- Selection of communication techniques to be used with users: verbal, gestural and assertive.
- Listening techniques according to the characteristics and needs of the users:
- - Active listening.
- - Empathetic attitude.
- - Helping to think.
- Identification of barriers and difficulties in communication with the user:
- - Listening errors.
- - Lack of attention.
- - Disturbances in the channel.
- - Comprehension difficulties.
- - Location of the sender and receiver of the message.
- Use and management of the voice: intonation, diction and clarity.
- Basic customer service skills: courtesy, credibility, communication, accessibility, understanding, trustworthiness, professionalism, responsiveness, reliability.
- Empathy and goal setting.
- Methods to motivate a client: achievement and self-motivation.
- Specific care and service strategies in commercial caving driving activities:
- - Presentation of the professional.
- - Reception of users and presentation.
- - Guidelines for personal and individualised treatment.
- - Compliance with standards.
- - Specific social skills.
- - Attention to diversity.
- - Warning of risk situations.
- - Coordination of services.
- - Farewell to users.
- - Feedback.
- Strategies for conflict resolution and complaint handling.
- Identification of the different types of communication and the stages of the communication process.
- Communicative context and communication strategies: verbal and non-verbal communication (gestural, kinesic).
- Determination of the different types of language to be used with users in order to achieve a better understanding of the message:
- - Linguistic: oral and written.
- - Non-linguistic: audiovisual and iconic.
- Distribution, organisation and control of the group according to the activity and the users:
- - Determination of the number of guides and/or technicians needed depending on the group: number and type of participants.
- - Positioning and movement of the technician and participants during the activity.
- - Exercise of the guide's leadership during the activity.
- - Rhythm and pauses.
- Characterisation of group management procedures and strategies:
- - Application of the company's rules for welcoming, interacting with and dismissing participants.
- - Justified choice of initial information; description of the activity.
- - Establishment of criteria for adaptation and testing of equipment.
- - Selection, delivery, collection and supervision of the material to be used in the itinerary.
- - Demonstration of individual technique and use of equipment: typical errors in technical execution and application of effort, assessment criteria.
- - Control of the equipment and fortune repairs of the same during the itinerary.
- - Transmission of rules and procedures necessary to maintain safe conditions during the activity.
- - Application of the functions of group management and identification of the possible dynamic techniques to be used.
- - Indication of the rules for the use of natural areas.
- - Evaluation of the activity and drafting of the final report.
- Adaptation of the itinerary to the characteristics of the group of participants:
- - Users with and without limitation of their personal autonomy.
- - Identification and recognition of the possible risks to be assumed during the itinerary.
- Choice of the type of communication to be used in compromising situations and identification of the behavioural patterns to be transmitted to the members of the group:
- - Indication of safety distance, order of passage and manoeuvres to be carried out by the members of the group in dangerous sections of the route.
- - Determination of user support manoeuvres and techniques to be applied in order to overcome the section.
- - Indication of grouping guidelines and location of the participants once the difficult section has been overcome.
- Recognition of the most appropriate means and devices of communication to be used during the itinerary:
- - Checking its operational status.
- - Preparation of media for transport en route and subsequent storage and maintenance.
- - Identification of coverage areas and choice of media frequency bands where required.
- - Determination of communication guidelines with the organisation.
- Identification of possible circumstances that may trigger emergency situations during the tour:
- - Description of the objective circumstances that may trigger an emergency.
- - Description of user skills and capabilities that may trigger an emergency.
- - Justified choice of actions proposed for the resolution of the emergency.
- - Description of the communication strategies to be carried out with the participants in the activity and choice of information to be conveyed to them.
- - Analysis of the guide's behavioural patterns and their influence on the control of the situation.
- Characterisation of the group and the stages of its evolution:
- - Identification of the group.
- - Psychological determination of the group.
- - Establishing the relationship between the individual and the group.
- - Differentiation of belonging group and reference group.
- Completion of the activity:
- - Observation techniques.
- - Analysis and assessment of the management of activities.
- Description and application of group dynamics processes and techniques:
- - Identification of group dynamisation techniques: induction and self-dynamisation.
- - Selection and application of data collection techniques.
- - Identification of types of leadership: positive and negative.
- - Enhancing cordiality and disinhibition.
- - Achieving maximum user participation.
- - Resolution of conflict situations.
- - Empowerment of positive attitudes.
- Identification and application of conflict resolution styles:
- - Choice of problem-solving process.
- - Identification of the most common methods for group decision-making.
- - Identification of the key phases in decision-making and their application.
- - Conflict and crisis situations in the natural environment: Rivalry and cohesion.
- - Discrimination of the role of the guide.
- - Promotion of an empathetic and tolerant attitude in the guide.
- - Identification of the intervention proposal.
- - Determination of the most appropriate social skills.
- Identification of the recreation framework:
- - Characterisation of recreational leisure activity as a driving force for the development and balance of both the individual and contemporary society.
- Description of the recreational methodology:
- - Selection, timing and sequencing of recreational and leisure activities.
- - Selection of games for specific ages and objectives.
- - Uninhibited participation.
- - Preparation of game cards. Recording of games.
- - Programming of recreational play sessions.
- - Participation in evenings for the implementation of intervention resources.
- Identification of recreational play activities and games:
- - Conception and operation.
- - Classification, characteristics and applicability of leisure and recreational activities.
- - Types of recreational activities.
- - Objectives.
- - Characteristics.
- - Methodology.
- Intervention of the guide as an animator.
- Practical management of activities:
- - Explanation and demonstration of the activity.
- - Organisation of participants, spaces and material.
- Intervention in the implementation of the activity:
- - Application of reinforcement.
- - Knowledge of results.
- - Incident resolution.
- - Evaluation of the activity.
- Criteria for the selection of rescue equipment according to the activities.
- Identification, selection and execution of the protocol for emergency action in caving.
- Strings:
- - Diameters.
- - Characteristics.
- - Use, handling and application.
- - Recommended lengths.
- - Verification and preventive control of the state of maintenance.
- Auxiliary strings:
- - Recommended lengths.
- - Use, handling and application.
- - Verification and preventive control of the state of maintenance.
- Carabiners:
- - Symmetric, asymmetric and HMS type.
- - Safe and secure.
- - Use, handling and application.
- Descenders and badges:
- - Types.
- - Use, handling and application.
- - Verification and preventive control of the state of maintenance.
- Pulleys:
- - Simple.
- - Tanden.
- - With bearing.
- - Self-blockers.
- - Verification and preventive control of the state of maintenance.
- - Use, handling and application.
- Mechanical blockers:
- - Simple.
- - Automatic.
- - Verification and preventive control of the state of maintenance.
- - Use, handling and application.
- Determination of the correct working method:
- - Verification and preventive control of the state of maintenance.
- Application of anchoring techniques using natural means.
- Fundamentals of physical conditioning:
- - Physical fitness: conditional capacities.
- - Physical fitness as a support for sporting performance.
- - Physical fitness as a means of improving health and quality of life.
- - Physical conditioning: basic methods of developing conditional capacities.
- - Physiological and functional adaptation to physical effort: bases and principles of training.
- - Fatigue as an effect of training load.
- - Chronic fatigue or overtraining: concept, detection and application of the principle of supercompensation.
- Specific conditional and coordinative abilities for effective and safe progression in canyoning:
- - Conditional capacities - strength, endurance, speed and flexibility: generic concept and specific treatment according to performance needs in canyoning progression activities.
- - Coordination skills: coordination, balance and agility, generic concept and specific treatment according to performance needs in canyoning progression activities.
- Development of generic and specific physical condition for canyoning activities:
- - Muscle energy sources: alactic anaerobic system, lactic anaerobic system and aerobic system.
- - Development and basic methods of aerobic and anaerobic endurance training.
- - Development and basic methods of strength training.
- - Development and basic methods of flexibility training.
- - Programmes and training models for the combined improvement of physical condition in sports facilities: the multi-purpose training room.
- - Typical training programmes and models for combined fitness improvement in the natural environment: equipment load, distances and slopes.
- - Use of specific equipment and materials for progression in the natural environment for the specific improvement of physical condition.
- Specific training in rope handling, progression and self-rescue techniques:
- - Development of individual technical skills.
- - Development of specific technical capacities for application to users.
- - Development of technical self-rescue skills.
- - Development of technical capacities to assist users.
- Specific training of strategic tactical capabilities.
- Interpretation of signs of hydrological phenomena.
- Basic procedures for self-assessment of the technical and physical abilities required of a caving guide:
- - Basic procedures for self-assessment of sporting fitness: initial and progress.
- - Recording of training loads and evolution of results.
- - Basic tests and field tests for self-assessment of physical fitness.
- - Basic tests and field tests for the self-assessment of coordination skills.
- - Criteria for the application of the results of a basic battery of tests and trials for the adaptation and sequencing of training models and programmes.
- - Criteria for the application of the results of a basic battery of tests and trials for the improvement of coordination skills and technical mastery.
- - Experiences, commitment and continuity in the practical implementation of training programmes.
- Nutrition, hydration and recovery techniques:
- - Differences between feeding and nourishing.
- - Diet: healthy and balanced. Food groups and food pyramids.
- - Nutrition and hydration: hydration, immediate principles, caloric intake, plastic function, restitution of regulatory substances.
- - Nutrition and hydration needs: basal metabolism and physical activities by intensity and environmental conditions.
- - Calculation of calorie consumption. Approximation methods, energy consumption tables.
- - Relationship between predominant metabolism and nutrient intake. Effects on energy production and maintenance of muscle work.
- - Energy reserves in the body. Mobilisation during exercise.
- - Special training support and recovery measures: nutritional supplements and supplements, ergogenic aids.
- - Basic massage and self-massage techniques.
- - Basic hydrotherapy techniques for recovery: hydromassage and contrast baths.
- Prevention measures and basic treatment of joint and muscle injuries common in training and sports activities in caving environments.