- Interpretation of the previous diagnostic analysis of the activity:
- - Characterisation of users' interests and expectations.
- - Identification of the physical and motor characteristics of the users.
- - Determination of the level of skill and technical proficiency of the users.
- - Discrimination of possible limitations of personal autonomy for the elaboration of the relevant adaptations.
- Selection of the type of access route to be followed:
- - Determination of the start, the end and the most significant reference points for orientation.
- - Determination of logistical needs for access and return depending on the terrain where the gullies are located.
- - Choice of the means necessary to carry out the different sections of the route.
- - Concretisation of plans and alternative routes in the event of possible contingencies.
- - Establishment of balanced diets and hydration guidelines on the route based on the estimation of energy and nutritional needs.
- Graphic representation of routes:
- - Specific graphic resources for cartography: specific hardware and software.
- - Adaptation of commercial maps and sketches: inclusion of specific symbology, scaling and dimensioning of specific areas.
- - Obtaining printed copies of specific plans and sketches.
- Cartographic interpretation and reconnaissance of the terrain from graphic sources:
- - Discrimination of topographical features.
- - Determination of routes and itineraries in use or fortunate and feasible due to the orography of the terrain.
- - Recognition of obstacles and dangerous areas.
- - Identification of constructions, facilities and spaces useful for leisure and recreational activities in the natural environment.
- Profile of a route:
- - Normal or natural profile, raised and lowered.
- - Graphical representation of a profile from its cartographic design.
- - Estimation of the intensity of effort of a route as a function of its profile and distance.
- Phases of the itinerary:
- - Time estimation.
- - Technical assessment of the route.
- - Determination of objective hazard points
- - Determination of the points of application of specific security techniques.
- - Determination of access.
- - Determination of escape routes
- - Alternative plans.
- - Route verification.
- Sources of information:
- - Identification of the information necessary for the design of itineraries.
- - Locating sources of information.
- Preparation of reports, files and route books for itineraries.
- Evaluation of the pathway: instruments and criteria.
- Interpretation of the previous diagnostic analysis of the activity:
- - Topographical characterisation of the ravine: slope and length.
- - Characterisation of the difficulties of the gully.
- - Characterisation of the gully equipment.
- - Determination of the user's sports profile according to the type of canyon.
- - Discrimination of possible limitations of personal autonomy for the elaboration of the relevant adaptations.
- Determination of means on the basis of the previous diagnostic analysis:
- - Individual protective and safety equipment.
- - Collective protection and safety equipment.
- - Self-rescue material.
- - Team of guides and technicians.
- - Communication equipment.
- Establishment of the canyoning itinerary to be carried out:
- - Determination of the start and end point.
- - Determination of the point of no return.
- - Location of the escape routes of the itinerary.
- - Location of rest and feeding points.
- - Location of points of major ecological interest.
- - Situation the escape routes.
- - Status of the points with communication coverage.
- - Estimated completion time.
- Graphic representation of the routes through ravines:
- - Symbology used in the representation.
- - Sketch profiles and elevations.
- - Complementary sheets to the sketches.
- Gradation of difficulty.
- Preparation of reports, sheets and notebooks of canyoning itineraries.
- Evaluation of the canyoning itinerary: Instruments and criteria.
- Identification of the technician's preventive functions.
- Criteria for monitoring and verification of:
- - Itineraries.
- - Protection, safety and equipment.
- - Relief material
- - Communication equipment.
- - Refreshments.
- - Weather information.
- Personal and safety equipment: selection and maintenance.
- Identification of objective and subjective hazards in ravines:
- - Climatological
- - Natural: river floods, rock falls, others.
- - Physiological: fatigue, hypoglycaemia, dehydration, others.
- - Physical: sunstroke, trauma, hypothermia, animal bites, others.
- - Psychological: overestimation, fear, other.
- Anticipation of predictable behaviours and behaviours based on:
- - Characteristics of the sections of a route.
- - Type of risk activities to be carried out.
- - Possible contingencies.
- Determination of protocols for action in dangerous situations:
- - Internal organisation of the group.
- - Use of material and equipment.
- - Choice of security and communication equipment.
- - Communication: internal and external.
- - Coordination with other technicians and rescue teams.
- - Evacuation and rescue: emergencies, civil guard, mountain rescue services, others.
- Functional structure and logistics in canyoning sports activities in the natural environment:
- - Human resources.
- - Material resources.
- - Coordination with other entities.
- Sequence and nature of standard management in canyoning activities:
- - Information and promotion of canyoning activities.
- - Arrangements for contracting and civil liability cover.
- - Management and contracting of accommodation and meals.
- - Transport and travel management and logistics.
- - Obtaining and managing transit, stay and overnight stay permits.
- - Obtaining information on the turbination regime in artificially controlled gullies and rivers.
- Management of purchases in sports activities in the natural environment:
- - Analysis of the characteristics of the resources required.
- - Supplier selection.
- - Application of promotional formats.
- - Budgetary control.
- Preparation of logistical management reports on sports activities in the natural environment.
- Preparation of budgets for sport activities in the natural environment: anticipation and breakdown of income and expenses.
- Accounting management in sports activities in the natural environment:
- - Control of income and expenditure.
- - Budget forecasting and adjustment.
- - Final budget deviations: analysis and justification.
- - Preparation of economic management reports.
- Gully environment and its ecological characterisation.
- Safety and environmental protection regulations for access, transit, stay, overnight stay and camping in ravines:
- - Administrative authorisation for access and overnight stay.
- - Civil liability as an organiser and driver of canyoning activities.
- - Regulation of sporting activities in nature protection areas.
- Safety and environmental protection regulations in the construction and maintenance of facilities and architectural elements for recreational sports use in natural environments:
- - Camping sites - basic requirements.
- - Staying and overnight stay areas.
- - Mountain hostels.
- - Mountain refuges.
- - Living-huts.
- - Mountain coat.
- - Facilities in natural areas.
- Criteria for the recognition of specific geographical areas and the application of specific safety and environmental protection regulations for the development of canyoning activities:
- - Typology of natural areas subject to regulation in terms of their use and exploitation for sporting and recreational activities.
- - Typology of sports-recreational activities susceptible to normative regulation in their development in natural environments.
- - Identification of environments of special vulnerability due to the impact of the practice of sport-recreational activities on them.
- Areas of interest at regional and county level: climate, flora and fauna of ravines.
- Tourism in the natural environment: sports tourism, ecotourism, agrotourism, rural tourism.
- Anthropological and socio-cultural aspects indigenous to different areas.
- Design and adaptation of protocols for access, overnight stays and environmental preservation:
- - Identification of regulatory needs for access, overnight stays and environmental preservation.
- - Sequencing and systematics in the design and adaptation of access, overnight stay and environmental preservation protocols.
- - Management of permits for transit, overnight stays and the practice of sports-recreational activities: usual processes: responsible entities, phases and processing documents.
- - Identification of resources, equipment and measures for environmental protection.
- - Criteria for specific adaptation of sport and leisure activities to eliminate the impact of environmental degradation.
- - Integration of access, overnight stay and environmental preservation protocols in the design of canyoning itineraries.
- Regulations for the approval of materials in Europe.
- Criteria for the selection of canyoning sports equipment from the point of view of efficiency and individual protection.
- Clothing:
- - Design and materials used in manufacture: fibres, fabrics, membranes, physical and chemical properties, uses and applications.
- - Layer theory: inner, intermediate and protective layers.
- - Underwear in canyoning activities: types, characteristics and applications.
- - Outer layer: neoprene as protective clothing, operating system.
- - Complements to the neoprene: booties, gloves and hood.
- Footwear:
- - Materials and fabrics for the manufacture of footwear: applications, advantages, durability and basic care.
- - Selection criteria according to the type of gully.
- - Foot-shoe interaction: morpho-functional congruence, last, type of tread, hygienic-preventive measures in the use of footwear for canyoning sports activities.
- Harness:
- - Design and manufacturing materials.
- - Technical characteristics.
- - Control of sensitive points.
- - Storage.
- Descender:
- - Design and manufacturing materials.
- - Technical characteristics.
- - Wear control.
- Anchor ropes:
- - Design and manufacturing materials.
- - Technical characteristics.
- - Checking the condition of the material and joints.
- - Control of the date of manufacture.
- - Storage.
- Helmet:
- - Design and manufacturing materials.
- - Technical characteristics.
- - Control and frequency of replenishment.
- - Factors that diminish and shorten the characteristics and service life.
- Rope:
- - Characteristics.
- - Status monitoring.
- - Date of manufacture control.
- - Protectors.
- - Care during transport and use.
- - Maintenance.
- - Frequency of replenishment.
- Carabiners:
- - Types and materials of manufacture.
- - Control of sensitive points.
- - Maintenance.
- Backpack and waterproof bottle:
- - Design and manufacturing materials.
- - Building materials.
- Complementary equipment:
- - Auxiliary cords and tapes.
- - Express belts.
- - Maillones rapide.
- - Diving goggles.
- - Razor.
- - Whistle.
- Accessories and materials for self-care and personal protection:
- - Specific products for chafing, erosions and skin irritations.
- - Basic self-care and personal protection kit.
- - Accessories and toiletries: ecological criteria for treatment and disposal, hygienic criteria for personal use, ecological footprint of products used.
- Camping and overnight camping materials and resources:
- - Selection criteria according to the type of environment and meteorology.
- - Selection criteria for ergonomics, volume, weight and capacity to hold people and materials.
- - Materials and fabrics for the manufacture of tents and bivouac materials.
- - Tents: types, characteristics and applications.
- - Sleeping bags: types, characteristics and applications.
- - Roofs and protections: techniques and materials for the construction of collective shelters.
- - Safety and environmental prevention in the selection, use, treatment and recovery of materials and resources for camping and overnight stays.
- Preventive, operative and corrective maintenance of specific sports equipment and materials for canyoning sports activities:
- - Design and manufacturing materials: physical strength properties. recycling, materials and specific techniques for restoring their physical integrity and properties.
- - Errors in the use of different equipment, garments and materials as a factor in accelerated deterioration.
- - Expiration of progression and safety equipment. National, European and world regulations.
- - Analysis and criteria for early and preventive diagnosis of deterioration.
- - Concept and differences between preventive maintenance, operational maintenance and corrective maintenance.
- - Preventive maintenance: techniques and application criteria for conservation and anticipation of risks of deterioration and breakage.
- - Operational maintenance: techniques and application criteria for carrying out basic repairs, verification of functionality and safety of repaired materials.
- - Corrective maintenance: techniques and criteria for diagnosing deterioration and breakages to be repaired by a specialised technician, communication and management of the relevant repair.
- - Criteria for storage and transport of sports equipment.
- - 100% % recycled fleece linings. Other fabrics of natural origin.
- Interpretation and field study of the environment:
- - Characteristics, environment, climate and typology of the terrain.
- - Water regime of ravines.
- - Natural resources for contingency response: areas and criteria for their location.
- Common contingencies in canyon abseiling facilities that can be solved with resources and means of fortune.
- Basic survival and repair equipment with resources and means of fortune:
- - Multi-purpose tools: cutting, chopping and soil preparation tools.
- - Ergonomics and weight criteria for inclusion in transported equipment.
- Repair of sports equipment with fortune means:
- - Manual skills and adaptation of operational maintenance techniques to be carried out with the resources and means of fortune.
- - Possibilities of use and application of the usual materials used in sporting activities in the natural environment to carry out repairs of fortune.
- - Natural resources in the environment to carry out fortune repairs-combination of means.
- Adequacy of a shelter with means of fortune.
- Construction of immobilisation and transport tools in accident and emergency situations:
- - Resources and techniques for immobilising injured persons: splinting and fixation of the different body segments.
- - Resources and techniques for transporting casualties: construction of stretchers.
- - Polyspasti of fortune.
- Fortune equipment material:
- - Fixed equipment: mallet, spit, spits, plates, screws and spanners.
- - Removable equipment material: mallet and nails.
- Resources and techniques for signalling one's position in emergency situations.
- Biomechanics of human locomotion:
- - The human gait: basic anatomical and biomechanical considerations.
- - Spine and segmental relationship: implications and coordination in bipedal movement.
- - Muscle chains involved in gait, detection of muscle shortening, basic measures for prevention and improvement.
- - Morphofunctional disorders, harmful consequences, basic measures for prevention and improvement.
- - Postural adaptations during walking, with and without load.
- - Mechanical stress of the spine under axial loads during walking: preventive measures (ergonomic distribution of materials being transported) and corrective and remedial measures.
- - The foot-cupular structure: loading arch; the balancing arch and the driving arch.
- - Mechanical stress on the anatomical structures of the foot: preventive measures (criteria for selection and use of footwear) and corrective and remedial measures.
- General walking techniques, on varied terrain without difficulty, with little incline and even terrain.
- Specific walking techniques:
- - Progress without impacting on the environment: deforestation.
- - Progression without disturbing flora and fauna.
- - Progression on steep grassy slopes.
- - Progression on slopes with scree and glades.
- - Progression on unsafe terrain, detection and overcoming difficult steps.
- - Downhill techniques facing the slope.
- - Zigzag ascent and descent techniques.
- - Techniques for fording rivers, torrents and swampy areas.
- - Equipment: mode of transport, distribution and organisation of the rucksack according to the terrain.
- Securing fortune in risky situations.
- Strategies for provisioning, feeding, hydration and obtaining energy resources.
- Camping and bivouac during the canyoning activities.
- Camping in the natural environment: basic legislation and regional competences.
- Criteria for the selection and suitability of the campsite.
- Principles of thermal insulation and heat loss.
- Types of tents and the suitability of their uses. Personal, light, common use, igloo.
- Orientation of the tents according to the prevailing winds. Reinforcement of tents in adverse weather conditions.
- Installation of tents in potentially hazardous terrain:
- - Flood-prone land: proximity to rivers.
- - Walls with stone falls.
- - Terrain exposed to weather conditions: wind, lightning.
- The Bivouac: Bivouac ready.
- - Bivouac equipment: covers, insulation, bivouac blanket, double roof.
- - Site selection criteria.
- - Adaptations of the natural environment with low environmental impact for bivouacking.
- - Time management for the preparation of the bivouac.
- - Food preparation-cooking in the bivouac.
- - Waste management.
- The bivouac of fortune:
- - Progression and protection material as thermal insulation: rucksack and spare clothing.
- - Criteria for site selection based on the potential of the natural environment for protection.
- - Heat-generating elements: cookers and candles.
- Camping procedures and techniques to minimise impact on the natural environment:
- - Preparation of the camping and overnight stay area.
- - Assembly and disassembly of tents and camping elements.
- - Transport, treatment and disposal of waste.
- - Personal hygiene and cleaning of kitchen utensils.
- Food preparation:
- - Types of food: processing needs and food presentation.
- - Handling utensils: cutlery and containers.
- - Cooking heaters - cookers: types, characteristics, fuel used, impact and ecological risks of their use.